Commonly known as Hunching Back or Dowager’s Hump, Kyphosis refers to the development of abnormal outward curvature of the spine. A normal human spine has a slightly rounded structure but in some cases, the rounding may get exaggerated causing disfigurement and other spine-related problems. Kyphosis may occur at any age irrespective of gender. However, it mostly affects women in their post-menopausal stages as they lose bone mass rapidly. Break or compression of any part of the vertebrae alters the spinal curvature. This creates a visibly exaggerated curve or a hunch back.
Causes
- Osteoporosis
- Congenital defects
- Spinal degeneration
- Neuromuscular disorders such as cerebral palsy
- Diet lacking in Vitamin D and calcium leads to loss of bone mass
- Poor postural habits can cause Kyphosis
- Past injuries
- Scheuermann’s Disease that particularly affects adolescents may be a cause
- Decompressive spinal surgeries may lead to Iatrogenic Kyphosis
Symptoms
- An abnormally curved back is the most prominent symptom
- Stiffness and pain may be felt while performing daily routine tasks
- The patient is generally fatigued as the spine does not provide adequate support
- There may be visible loss of height
- The patient is unable to stand straight
- Some people develop breathing problem as the lungs may be constricted
- Altered gait
- There may be a loss of appetite as the abdominal cavity is affected and the organs are compressed
Diagnosis
- X-ray imaging may be recommended to identify the exact location of damaged vertebrae
- Thorough clinical examination of the existing symptoms, past medical records and injuries if any
- MRI and CT scan may reveal soft tissue damage and the degenerated discs
Treatment
- Pain killers, muscle relaxants and anti-inflammatory medicines may be prescribed
- A back brace may be recommended for additional support to the spine
- Physical therapy to strengthen the supporting muscles and improve posture as well as flexibility
- Spinal infections may require antibiotics
- Rest is highly recommended and the patient is advised to abstain from stressful activities
Surgical procedures may include the following:
- Osteotomy– Removal of degenerated vertebrae and discs
- Surgical decompression: This procedure is done to relieve the pressure on the nerves between the vertebrae that may have been pinched
- Spinal Fusion: Some vertebrae may be fused together to increase spinal stability. This may require fixation using metal screws and wires
- Balloon Kyphoplasty– A special balloon kind of instrument is used to inflate the collapsed vertebrae in case of compression fractures. This may help to regain the height of the spinal column