Achilles Tendinopathy – Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Achilles tendinopathy is one of the most frequently ankle and foot overuse injuries, which is a clinical syndrome characterized by the combination of pain, swelling, and impaired performance. The two main categories of Achilles tendinopathy are classified according to anatomical location and broadly include insertional and non insertional tendinopathy. The etiology of Achilles tendinopathy is… Continue reading Achilles Tendinopathy – Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Straight Leg Raising Test (SLRT)

Straight Leg Raising Test (SLRT) /The straight leg raise test also called the Lasegue test is a fundamental neurological maneuver during the physical examination of the patient with lower back pain aimed to assess the sciatic compromise due to lumbosacral nerve root irritation. This test which was first described by Dr. Lazarevic and wrongly attributed… Continue reading Straight Leg Raising Test (SLRT)

Pes Cavus – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Pes cavus, also known as a high arch, is a human foot type in which the sole of the foot is distinctly hollow when bearing weight. That is, there is a fixed plantar flexion of the foot. A high arch is the opposite of a flat foot and is somewhat less common. Pes cavus is an orthopedic condition that manifests in… Continue reading Pes Cavus – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Bone Spurs – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Bone spurs also called osteophytes, are outgrowths of bone that develop along the edges of bones, often where two or more bones meet. They can form in the back, hip, sole, or heel of the foot, spine, neck, shoulder, or knee. Most bone spurs are caused by tissue damage brought on by osteoarthritis. Many are… Continue reading Bone Spurs – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

COVID-19 – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

COVID-19/Coronavirus (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans. Coronaviruses are zoonotic, meaning they are transmitted between animals and people.  Detailed… Continue reading COVID-19 – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Osteophytes – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

An osteophytes is “a fibrocartilage-capped bony outgrowth”. Osteophytes are exostoses (bony projections) that form along joint margins. They should not be confused with enthesophytes, which are bony projections that form at the attachment of a tendon or ligament.[rx]Three types of osteophytes are known, the traction spur at the insertion of tendons and ligaments, the inflammatory spur, represented by the syndesmophyte at the insertion… Continue reading Osteophytes – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Lumbar Disk Disease – Causes, Symptom, Treatment

Lumbar Disk Disease/PLID (Prolapse lumbar intervertebral disc) is one of the most common vertebral column diseases of elderly people leading to back pain, radicular pain, and subsequently neurological deficit due to nerve root compression. It is a common condition that frequently affects the spine in young and middle-aged patients.[rx,rx,rx] The lumbar intervertebral disc is a… Continue reading Lumbar Disk Disease – Causes, Symptom, Treatment

L4-5 Disc Disorders – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

L4-5 Disc Disorders/PLID (Prolapse lumbar intervertebral disc) is one of the most common vertebral column diseases of elderly people leading to back pain, radicular pain, and subsequently neurological deficit due to nerve root compression. It is a common condition that frequently affects the spine in young and middle-aged patients.[rx,rx,rx] The lumbar intervertebral disc is a… Continue reading L4-5 Disc Disorders – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Treatment of Atlanto-occipital Dislocation

Treatment of Atlanto-occipital Dislocation/Atlanto-occipital Dislocation (AOD) is being increasingly recognized as a potentially survivable injury as a result of improved prehospital management of polytrauma patients and increased awareness of this entity, leading to earlier diagnosis and more aggressive treatment. However, despite overall improved outcomes, AOD is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The purpose… Continue reading Treatment of Atlanto-occipital Dislocation

Symptoms of Atlantoaxial Joints Instability

Symptoms of Atlantoaxial Joints Instability/Atlantoaxial Joints Instability or Atlantoaxial Dislocation refers to a loss of stability between the atlas and axis (C1–C2), resulting in loss of normal articulation. The atlantoaxial joints can lose stable articulation from traumatic, inflammatory, idiopathic, or congenital abnormalities.[rx] The atlantoaxial segment consists of the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) and forms… Continue reading Symptoms of Atlantoaxial Joints Instability